The Seat of the Soul

Biological Causes of Autism
These studies question a purely genetic etiology

• Singh VK, Rivas WH. Prevalence of serum antibodies to caudate nucleus in autistic children.
  Neurosci Lett. 2004 Jan 23;355(1-2):53-6. PMID: 14729233
• Furlano RI, Anthony A, Day R, Brown A, McGarvey L, Thomson M, Forbes A, Wakefield AJ, Walker-Smith JA. Murch SH. Colonic CD8 and gamma delta T-cell infiltration with damage in children with autism.
  J Paediatr 2001 Mar;138(3):366-72 PMID: 11241044
• Furlano RI, et al. Colonic CD8 and __ T-cell infiltration with epithelial damage in children with autism.
  Journal of Pediatrics 2001 138:366-372.
• Horvath K and Perman JA, Autistic disorder and gastrointestinal disease,
  Current Opinion in Pediatrics 2002;14:583 587 PMID: 12352252
• Horvath K and Perman JA, Autistic disorder and gastrointestinal symptoms
  Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2002 Jun;4(3):251-8. PMID: 12010627
• Torrente F, Ashwood P, Day R, Machado N, Furlano RI, Anthony A, Davies SE, Wakefield AJ, Thomson MA, Walker-Smith JA, Murch SH. Small intestinal enteropathy with epithelial IgG and complement deposition in children with regressive autism.
  Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7(4):375-82, 334. PMID: 11986981
• Ashwood P, Anthony A, Pellicer AA, Torrente F, Walker-Smith JA, Wakefield AJ. Intestinal lymphocyte populations in children with regressive autism: evidence for extensive mucosal immunopathology.
  J Clin Immunol. 2003 Nov;23(6):504-17. PMID: 15031638
• Ashwood P, Anthony A, Torrente F, Wakefield AJ. Spontaneous mucosal lymphocyte cytokine profiles in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms: mucosal immune activation and reduced counter regulatory interleukin-10.
  J Clin Immunol. 2004 24(6):664-73. PMID: 15622451
• Torrente F, Anthony A, Heuschkel RB, Thomson MA, Ashwood P, Murch SH. Focal-enhanced gastritis in regressive autism with features distinct from Crohn's and Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
  Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Apr;99(4):598-605. PMID: 15089888
• Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Ruby A, Reddy C, Zimmerman-Bier B. Evaluation of an association between gastrointestinal symptoms and cytokine production against common dietary proteins in children with autism spectrum disorders.
  J Pediatr. 2005 May;146(5):605-10. PMID: 15870662
• Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Ruby A, Zimmerman-Bier B. Dysregulated Innate Immune Responses in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Their Relationship to Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Dietary Intervention.
  Neuropsychobiology 2005 51(2):77-85. PMID: 15741748